Author's Homepage:   R. C. Hibbeler
Chapter 14: Kinetics of a Particle: work and Energy
"In mechanics a force F does work on a particle only when the particles undergoes a displacement in the direction of the force. For example, consider the force F acting on the particle in Fig. 14-1. If the particle moves along the path s from position r to a new position rp the displacement is then dr – rp – r. The magnitude of dr is represented by ds, the differential segment along the path. If the angle between the tails of dr and F is q, Fig. 14-1, then the work dU which is done by F is a scalar quantity, defined by dU = F ds cosq. By definition of the dot produce (see Eq. C-14) this equation may also be written as dU = dot(F, dr)."