Author's Homepage:   Kurt M. Marshek
Chapter 14: Rolling-Element Bearings
"As a background for introducing rolling-element bearings, a brief review of sliding bearings (Chapter 13) may be helpful. The simplest possible bearings are unlubricated plain or sliding bearings - like the wooden cart wheels mounted directly on wooden axles in ancient times. Lower friction and longer life were obtained by adding a lubricant, such as animal or vegetable oil. In modern machinery using sliding bearings, steel shafts are supported by the surfaces to bearings made of a wear-compatible material, such as bronzer or TFE (see Sections 9.9 and 9.10). Oil or grease is sued in common low-speed applications - -lawn mower wheels, garden carts, children's tricycles - but the lubricant does not completely separate the surfaces. On the other hand, sliding bearings used with engine crankshafts receive hydrodynamic lubrication during normal operation; that is, the oil film completely separates the surfaces."